Graves eye disease, also known as thyroid eye disease, is a condition that affects the eyes of individuals with an overactive thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, situated in the neck, produces hormones responsible for controlling many processes in the body such as metabolism. Graves eye disease causes inflammation in the tissues around the eyes and eyelids, leading to discomfort for the affected person.
What Causes Graves Eye Disease?
Graves eye disease occurs when an individual’s immune system attacks the tissues around the eyes and eyelids, leading to inflammation. Although the precise reason for this remains unknown, scientists believe that the root cause lies in the overactive thyroid gland hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism causes the thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormones than the body needs, leading to inflammation that causes the eyes and eyelids to bulge outwards.
Graves Eye Disease Symptoms
The symptoms of Graves eye disease can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:
- Bulging eyes
- Dry or watery eyes
- Excessive tearing
- Double vision
- Eye irritation
- Sensitivity to light
- Difficulty moving the eyes
- Swelling around the eyes
- Redness or inflammation in the eyes
- Eyelids that are puffy and red
If you notice any of these symptoms, it is essential to visit an ophthalmologist or an optometrist for an eye exam.
Diagnosis
To diagnose Graves eye disease, a healthcare professional will carry out a comprehensive eye exam. The healthcare professional will check for any symptoms of Graves eye disease, such as bulging eyes, swelling around the eyes, and double vision. The healthcare professional will also measure the pressure in your eyes and test your eye muscles.
Treatment
The goal of treatment for Graves eye disease is to manage the symptoms. In mild cases, the healthcare professional may prescribe eye drops or ointments to soothe dry eyes and relieve inflammation. In severe cases, the healthcare professional may suggest surgery to correct double vision or to alleviate pressure on the optic nerve.
Lifestyle changes can also help manage the symptoms of Graves eye disease. Sufficient rest, a healthy diet, and regular exercise can improve the health of your eyes and help manage your condition.
Prevention
Unfortunately, there is no way to prevent Graves eye disease. However, individuals with a history of Graves disease or other autoimmune disorders can reduce their risk of developing Graves eye disease by monitoring their thyroid health. Regular checkups with a healthcare professional, proper medication management, and adherence to a healthy lifestyle can also reduce the risk of developing Graves eye disease.
Conclusion
Graves eye disease, although not life-threatening, can be a challenging condition to manage. But with proper care and treatment, individuals with Graves eye disease can live a productive life. If you notice any eye symptoms or have a history of Graves disease, speak to an ophthalmologist or optometrist immediately. Regular checkups, managing your thyroid health, and adhering to a healthy lifestyle can help prevent the onset of Graves eye disease.